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An international group of experts in mountain hydrology says the traditional understanding of the mountain water cycle has largely ignored the role that cryosphere-groundwater interactions play. This oversight, the authors suggest in a new , could lead to incomplete or inaccurate predictions of water availability in mountain regions, especially in the context of climate change.

Mountains are often referred to as water towers of the world, supplying fresh water to ecosystems and millions of people downstream. Snow and glacier melt are important elements in the water balance of mountain regions, providing water during warmer and drier months of the year. However, the connection between meltwater and groundwater is not well understood. In particular, little is known about how glacier melt partitions between reaching rivers directly or infiltrating below the surface to recharge deeper groundwater. This information is critical to understand how both surface water and groundwater will change in the face of climate change, and plan for sustainable water management.

By synthesizing the existing research on the topic, the author team found that while meltwater contributions to groundwater can be substantial, estimates vary widely. An important question to link the cryosphere with groundwater and the rest of the mountain water cycle is the scales at which this connectivity plays a role, both in terms of space and time. Insights into the spatiotemporal patterns of how meltwater travels to groundwater and surface water determine where, when and at what rate meltwater-sourced groundwater re-emerges through springs, discharges to surface water bodies or can be pumped from groundwater wells at lower elevations. This is a key consideration for sustainable water management both for mountain communities and downstream environments.

The authors, who are experts in mountain hydrology, glaciology, hydrogeology, snow hydrology, water chemistry and socio-hydrology, emphasize that without considering the connectivity between cryosphere and groundwater, we miss out on a comprehensive understanding of how water moves and is stored in high mountain regions. With global warming significantly impacting these sensitive areas through accelerating glacier retreat, diminishing snowpacks and shifting precipitation patterns, there is a pressing need to understand this connectivity to better anticipate the sensitivity of mountain water supply to future climate warming.

The team, including Dr. Lauren Somers of ±«Óãtv University, call for more integrated research approaches that combine cryospheric science, hydrogeology, mountain hydrology and climate modeling to quantify and better understand these processes.

Dr. Somers, an assistant professor in ±«Óãtv's Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, is available to discuss this research.

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